INTRODUÇÃO: A intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) em pontes de safena ainda representa um desafio à cardiologia intervencionista, pelas complicações agudas e pela escassez de dados referentes à efetividade tardia dos stents farmacológicos (SFs). MÉTODOS: Entre maio de 2002 e janeiro de 2013, pacientes submetidos a ICP com SF no Hospital do Coração foram incluídos no Registro DESIRE. Avaliamos os resultados de pacientes submetidos a ICP em pontes de safena (grupo 1), que foram comparados aos submetidos a ICP em vasos nativos (grupo 2). RESULTADOS: De um total de 4.655 pacientes, 311 foram incluídos no grupo 1 e 4.344, no grupo 2. O grupo 1 contou com pacientes mais idosos (68,4 ± 9,7 anos vs. 64 ± 11,2 anos; P < 0,01), com mais pacientes do sexo masculino (87,1% vs. 76,7%; P < 0,01) e com maior incidência de comorbidades. Angina instável foi a apresentação clínica mais frequente nesse grupo. Pacientes do grupo 1 receberam stents de maior calibre (3,18 ± 1,11 mm vs. 2,86 ± 0,43 mm; P < 0,01) e foram submetidos menos frequentemente a pré-dilatação (36,3% vs. 50,7%; P < 0,01) e a pós-dilatação (38,3% vs. 58,4%; P < 0,01). Apresentaram mais infarto agudo do miocárdio não-fatal na fase hospitalar (11,3% vs. 4,1%; P < 0,01) e mais eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores na fase tardia (32,8% vs. 13,9%; P < 0,01), à custa de óbito cardíaco (7,7% vs. 3,2%; P = 0,02) e de revascularização da lesão-alvo (9% vs. 4,3%; P < 0,01). Trombose definitiva do stent foi mais frequente no grupo 1 (3,5% vs. 1%; P < 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: A despeito do inquestionável benefício dos SFs nos resultados tardios de ICP em pacientes complexos, o tratamento de pacientes com lesões em pontes de safena ainda permanece um desafio, com resultados agudos e tardios menos favoráveis que os de pacientes com lesões em vasos nativos.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in saphenous vein grafts remains a challenge for interventional cardiology, due to acute complications and the lack of data on the late efficacy of drug-eluting stents (DESs). METHODS: Between May 2002 and January 2013, patients undergoing PCI with DES at Hospital do Coração were included in the DESIRE Registry. We evaluated the results of patients undergoing PCI in saphenous vein grafts (group 1), who were compared to those undergoing PCI in native vessels (group 2.) RESULTS: Of a total of 4,655 patients, 311 were included in group 1 and 4,344 in group 2. Group 1 included older patients (68.4 ± 9.7 years vs. 64 ± 11.2 years; P < 0.01), more frequently male (87.1% vs. 76.7%; P < 0.01) with a higher incidence of comorbidities. Unstable angina was the most frequent clinical presentation in this group. Group 1 patients received large caliber stents (3.18 ± 1.11 mm vs. 2.86 ± 0.43 mm; P < 0.01) and were less frequently submitted to pre-dilation (36.3% vs. 50.7%; P < 0.01) and post-dilation (38.3% vs. 58.4%; P < 0.01). They had a higher incidence of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction during hospitalization (11.3% vs. 4.1%; P < 0.01) and late major adverse cardiovascular events (32.8% vs. 13.9%; P < 0.01), at the expense of cardiac death (7.7% vs. 3.2%; P = 0.02) and target-lesion revascularization (9% vs. 4.3%; P < 0.01). Definitive stent thrombosis was more frequent in group 1 (3.5% vs. 1%; P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the unquestionable benefit of DESs in the late outcomes of PCI in complex patients, the treatment of patients with saphenous vein graft lesions remains a challenge, with less favorable acute and late results than in patients with native vessel lesions.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os stents farmacológicos (SFs) modificaram a prática intervencionista contemporânea, permitindo abordar cenários clínicos e angiográficos progressivamente mais complexos. O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar as modificações ocorridas nos últimos 10 anos na forma de indicar e de realizar a intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) em um hospital privado, terciário, do Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: O DESIRE é um registro unicêntrico, prospectivo, com o objetivo de acompanhar os desfechos agudos e tardios de pacientes consecutivos tratados com SFs. RESULTADOS: No período de 2002 a 2011, foram incluídos 4.229 pacientes, com média de idade de 64,3 ± 11,2 anos, 23% eram do sexo feminino e 30,5%, diabéticos. Foram tratadas 6.518 lesões, das quais 61,5% eram do tipo B2/C. Os SFs foram utilizados em proporção crescente, alcançando penetração de 88,4% em 2011. A complexidade das ICPs aumentou, sendo tratada no último ano 1,76 lesão por paciente, com média de 1,89 SF. O escore SYNTAX, no período de 2002-2006, foi de 12,3 ± 4,4, enquanto entre 2007-2011 elevou-se para 15,7 ± 4,7. O seguimento clínico foi obtido em 98,2% dos pacientes, com mediana de 5,2 anos, sendo observada, nesse período, revascularização da lesão-alvo em 5%, infarto do miocárdio em 6,7% e óbito cardiovascular em 4,1% dos pacientes. A trombose do stent ocorreu em 2,4% dos casos. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados demonstram marcante incremento no perfil de complexidade dos pacientes tratados nos últimos 10 anos e, ao mesmo tempo, confirmam a efetividade a longo prazo dos SFs, a despeito dos perfis clínico e angiográfico tratados.

BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents (DES) have changed contemporary interventional cardiology practice, enabling the approach of increasingly more complex clinical and angiographic scenarios. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the changes observed in the last 10 years in the indication and practice of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a tertiary private hospital in the State of São Paulo. METHODS: DESIRE is a single-center prospective registry aiming at following the acute and late outcomes of consecutive patients treated by DES. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2011, 4,299 patients were included, with mean age of 64.3 ± 11.2 years, 23% were female and 30.5 were diabetic. The total number of lesions treated was 6,518 of which 61.5% were type B2/C. During the course of the study, DES were progressively more used, reaching a penetration of 88.4% in 2011. The complexity of PCIs has increased and in the past year 1.76 lesions per patient were treated with an average of 1.89 DES. The SYNTAX score increased from 12.3 ± 4.4 (2002-2006) to 15.7 ± 4.7 (2007-2011). Clinical follow-up was obtained in 98.2% of the patients, with a median of 5.2 years, and during this period target-lesion revascularization rate was 5%, myocardial infarction was 6.7% and cardiovascular death was 4.1%. Stent thrombosis was observed in 2.4% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed a marked increment in the complexity profile of patients treated in the last 10 years and at the same time confirm the long-term effectiveness of DES, despite the clinical and angiographic profile of patients.

INTRODUÇÃO: Embora os stents farmacológicos (SF) tenham se mostrado superiores aos não-farmacológicos (SNF) em reduzir reestenose, não está ainda totalmente definida a segurança desses instrumentais quando utilizados para tratar lesões mais complexas. Objetivamos determinar os desfechos clínicos bastante tardios de pacientes tratados com SF para indicações off-label. MÉTODO: Incluímos nesta análise os pacientes consecutivos tratados apenas com SF, entre maio de 2002 e janeiro de 2008, em uma única instituição. Foram excluídos pacientes que receberam SF e SNF no mesmo procedimento, aqueles tratados em fase aguda do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e os que apresentavam lesões em pontes de safena. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, conforme a indicação para uso do stent: grupo on-label, pacientes com lesão única, de novo, em vaso de calibre entre 2,5 mm e 3,5 mm, com lesões que não excedessem 30 mm em extensão no caso do stent CypherTM e 28 mm quando o SF utilizado fosse o TaxusTM; e grupo off-label, que incluiu os demais pacientes. Os desfechos primários avaliados foram: ocorrência de óbito cardíaco, IAM e trombose no longo prazo (> 1 ano). RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes tratados era do grupo off-label [1.702 (78,5%) pacientes de 2.167]. O seguimento clínico completo foi obtido em 98,3% da população. Os pacientes do grupo off-label apresentaram maiores taxas de óbito cardíaco (3,0% vs. 2,6%; P = 0,037), IAM (4,1% vs. 2%; P = 0,005) e trombose do stent (1,9% vs. 0,6%; P = 0,021), porém com taxas equivalentes de nova revascularização da lesão-alvo. CONCLUSÕES: Neste registro, o uso de SF em situações de elevada complexidade angiográfica associou-se a baixas taxas de eventos adversos maiores (< 11%) e trombose de stent (< 2%). Entretanto, quando comparados aos pacientes de menor complexidade, essa população apresentou pior evolução tardia.

BACKGROUND: Although superior to bare metal stents (BMS) in reducing restenosis, drug-eluting stents (DES) long-term safety, especially after being deployed to treat complex lesions, has not been completely established. We sought to evaluate very late clinical outcomes of DES in the off-label scenario. METHODS: Between May 2002 and January 2008 all consecutive patients treated solely with DES were prospectively enrolled in the single center DESIRE registry. Patients with acute myocardial infarction and saphenous vein grafts were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups, according to their "label" status: on-label group, patients with a single de novo lesion located in a native coronary artery of 2.5 to 3.5 mm in diameter and < 28 mm (Taxus®) or < 30 mm (Cypher®) in length. The off-label group included the remaining patients. Our primary objective was to compare the long-term (> 1 year) incidence of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stent thrombosis (ST) between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Most of the enrolled patients were off-label [1,702 (78.5%) patients of 2,167]. Complete follow-up data were obtained in 98.3% of the cases. off-label patients presented a higher incidence of cardiac death (3.0% vs. 2.6%; P = 0.037), MI (4.1% vs. 2.0%; P = 0.005) and ST (1.9% vs. 0.6%; P = 0.021). Need for repeat lesion revascularization was similar between groups. CONCLUSION: In the DESIRE registry, DES in patients with a very complex profile was associated with low rates of major adverse cardiac events (< 11%) and ST (< 2.0%) up to 6-year follow-up; however, the outcomes in this subset are still inferior compared to those with strict indications for DES.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the results after the performance of primary coronary angioplasty in Brazil in the last 4 years. METHODS: During the first 24 hours of acute myocardial infarction onset, 9,434 (12.2%) patients underwent primary PTCA. We analyzed the success and occurrence of major in-hospital events, comparing them over the 4-year period. RESULTS: Primary PTCA use increased compared with that of all percutaneous interventions (1996=10.6% vs. 2000=13.1%; p<0.001). Coronary stent implantation increased (1996=20% vs. 2000=71.9%; p<0.001). Success was greater (1998=89.5% vs. 1999=92.5%; p<0.001). Reinfarction decreased (1998=3.9% vs. 99=2.4% vs. 2000=1.5%; p<0.001) as did emergency bypass surgery (1996=0.5% vs. 2000=0.2%; p=0.01). In-hospital deaths remained unchanged (1996=5.7% vs. 2000=5.1%, p=0.53). Balloon PTCA was one of the independent predictors of a higher rate of unsuccessful procedures (odds ratio 12.01 [CI=95%] 1.58-22.94), and stent implantation of lower mortality rates (odds ratio 4.62 [CI=95%] 3.19-6.08). CONCLUSION: The success rate has become progressively higher with a significant reduction in reinfarction and urgent bypass surgery, but in-hospital death remains nearly unchanged. Coronary stenting was a predictor of a lower death rate, and balloon PTCA was associated with greater procedural failure.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a comparative analysis of the in-hospital outcomes of patients who underwent primary percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) or stent implantation because of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) related to an acute vein graft occlusion. METHODS: Since 1991 the Brazilian Society of Hemodynamic and Interventional Cardiology has maintained a large database (CENIC). From these, we selected all consecutive patients, who underwent primary PTCA or stenting in the first 24 hours of AMI, with the target vessel being an occluded vein graft. Immediate results and major coronary events occurring up until hospital discharge were analyzed. RESULTS: During this period, 5,932 patients underwent primary PTCA or stenting; 158 (3%) of the procedures were performed because of an acute vein graft occlusion. Stenting was performed in 74 (47%) patients. Patients treated with stents had a higher success rate and lower mean residual stenosis compared with those who underwent primary balloon PTCA. The incidence of reinfarction and death were similar for stenting and balloon PTCA. CONCLUSION: Primary percutaneous treatment of AMI related to acute vein graft occlusion is still an uncommon practice. Primary stenting improved luminal diameter and offered higher rates of success; however, this strategy did not reduce the in-hospital reinfarction and death rate, compared with that occurring with PTCA treatment.

OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados das intervenções coronárias percutâneas, no Brasil, no biênio 1996-97, comparando-os com os do biênio 1992-93. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados dados relativos a angioplastia com balão (ATC), aterectomia direcionada (AD), aterectomia rotacional (AR), angioplastia com laser (L) e stents coronários (ST). Estes dados foram comparados aos equivalentes, do Registro 1992-93. RESULTADOS: Participaram do registro atual 79% dos sócios titulares da SBHCI, de 127 hospitais, em 1996-97. Foram incluídos 22.025 pacientes, sendo 60,67% submetidos à ATC; 36,57% a ST; 2,3% a AR; 0,06% à AD e 0,4% ao L. A ATC foi o procedimento mais executado, observando-se um aumento relativo do implante de ST, de 1996 para 1997 de 35% (31,1 para 42,1%, p= 0,0001), com concomitante queda na utilização do balão (65,7% para 55,8%, p= 0,0001). A despeito da população de coronarianos tratados, em 1996-97 ser de maior complexidade clínica e anatômica, que a de 1992-93, verificaram-se maiores índices de sucesso do procedimento (89,7% x 92,8%, p= 0,000001), com menor lesão residual (22% x 19%, p= 0,001). Além disto, houve menores índices de complicações maiores: infarto agudo (2,5% x 1,2%, p<0,01), cirurgia de emergência (0,8% x 0,5%, p= 0,002) e óbito (1,8% x 1,4%, p= 0,0003). CONCLUSÃO: Os procedimentos mais executados no último biênio foram: o balão (60,67%) e os stents coronários (36,57%); verificam-se elevados índices de sucesso (92,3%) e baixas taxas de complicações maiores, confirmando o desempenho de excelência da Cardiologia Intervencionista brasileira.

PURPOSE: To report the results of percutaneous coronary interventions, in Brazil, in the years 1996-97, comparing them to those of 1992-93. METHODS: Data were collected in a standard form and the 1996-97 results were compared to those of 1992-93. RESULTS: The current Registry received data from 79% effective members of the SBHCI in 127 hospitals, including 22,025 patients, 60.67% of whom underwent PTCA, 36.57% stent implantation, 2.3% PTRA, 0.06% DCA and 0.4% laser angioplasty. Balloon angioplasty was the most frequent procedure in 1996-97, but its overall rate fell from 65.7% to 55.8% (p=0.0001) concomitantly, there was a 35% relative increase in the use of stents from 1992-93 to 1996-97. The success rate of the later period was higher (89.7% vs 92.8%, p=0.000001), with lower residual stenosis (22% vs 19%, p=0.001). Besides, there were lower major complications rates: acute myocardial infarction (2.5% vs 1.2%, p=0.002) and death (1.8% vs 1.4%, p=0,0003). CONCLUSION: The procedures most often carried out in both periods were balloon angioplasty (60.67%) and implantation of stents (36.57%); the success rate high, abrupt closure rate was low (1.5%). These favorable results corroborate the high standards of the Brazilian Interventional Cardiology.